Between the 7th and 4th centuries BC Yue/ViР±В»вЂЎt referred to the State of Yue in the lower Yangtze basin and its people. In the early 8th century BC, a tribe on the middle Yangtze were called the Yangyue, a term later used for peoples further south. At that time it referred to a people or chieftain to the northwest of the Shang. The term ' ViР±В»вЂЎt' (Yue) ( Chinese: РёВ¶Р‰ pinyin: YuР“РЃ Cantonese Yale: Yuht WadeРІР‚вЂњGiles: YР“Сeh 4 Vietnamese: ViР±В»вЂЎt) in Early Middle Chinese was first written using the logograph 'Р¶в‚¬вЂ°' for an axe (a homophone), in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions of the late Shang dynasty ( c. The name ViР±В»вЂЎt Nam ( Vietnamese pronunciation:, chР±В»Р‡ HР“РЋn: РёВ¶Р‰РµРЊвЂ”) is a variation of Nam ViР±В»вЂЎt ( РµРЊвЂ”РёВ¶Р‰ literally 'Southern ViР±В»вЂЎt'), a name that can be traced back to the TriР±В»вЂЎu dynasty of the 2nd century BC.

4.3 Human rights and sociopolitical issues.

Contemporary issues in Vietnam include corruption and a poor human rights record. It has assumed a seat on the United Nations Security Council twice. It is part of international and intergovernmental institutions including the United Nations, the ASEAN, the APEC, the CPTPP, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, and the World Trade Organization. A developing country with a lower-middle-income economy, Vietnam is one of the fastest growing economies of the 21st century. The reforms facilitated Vietnamese integration into global economy and politics. In 1986, the Communist Party initiated economic and political reforms, transforming the country to a market-oriented economy. An ineffective planned economy, trade embargo by the West, and wars with Cambodia and China crippled the country. Upon North Vietnamese victory in 1975, Vietnam reunified as a unitary socialist state under the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1976. The Vietnam War began shortly after, during which the nation was divided into communist North supported by the Soviet Union and China, and anti-communist South supported by the United States. After World War II, France returned to reclaim colonial power in the First Indochina War, from which Vietnam emerged victorious in 1954. Vietnam went through prolonged warfare through the 20th century.

Following the August Revolution, the nationalist Viet Minh under the leadership of communist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh proclaimed independence from France in 1945. The NguyР±В»вЂ¦n-the last imperial dynasty-fell to French colonisation in 1887. Successive imperial dynasties absorbed Chinese influences through Confucianism and Buddhism, and expanded southward to the Mekong Delta. The Han dynasty annexed and put the Vietnamese under Chinese rule from 111 BC, until the first independent imperial dynasty emerged in 939. The first known Vietnamese nation during the first millennium BC centred on the Red River Delta, located in modern day northern Vietnam. Vietnam was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic age. Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). Vietnam borders China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, and shares maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea. With a population of over 96Р’В million, it is the world's fifteenth-most populous country. Located at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, it covers 311,699 square kilometres. Vietnam ( Vietnamese: ViР±В»вЂЎt Nam, ( listen)), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is a country in Southeast Asia.

Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of chР±В»Р‡ nР“Т‘m, chР±В»Р‡ HР“РЋn and chР±В»Р‡ quР±В»вЂc ngР±В»Р‡.

War divides the nation 1861 map